By: Jesse Lemieux, January 2012
As Part of our Spring Lecture Series:
Lecture Date: February 2nd 2012
Location: Strut Studios 203 – 910 Richards Street Vancouver, BC V6B 3C1
As a teacher of Permaculture design, I am regularly recommended books to read. I am a slow reader, I always have been, and I always will be. Even if I made a full time job of reading, I doubt I would ever get to the end of the recommended reading list. Not all books are created equal. When I read a book I need it to be high value. So, I will only read a book after it has been recommended to me by at least two people I know and respect. It keeps my reading list impressively small, and the books on it of high value. “The 4-hour Work Week” is one of the books to have made my list. Though the author, Timothy Ferriss, might not see the world through a Permaculture or even environmental perspective; I am impressed by the strategies he suggests for success in any course of action.
Central to Ferriss’s approach is the “Pareto Principle” popularly referred to as the 80-20 rule. Italian economist Vilfredo Pareto identified, the often noted fact, that 80% of the wealth is held by 20% of the population. It can also be said that 20% of the factors yields 80% of the results. In fact the two numbers need not add up to 100 at all. It is entirely possible that 5% of my clients will result in 90% of my income. The other side of the coin is what I find most interesting. It is equally possible that 95% of my clients might only yield 10% of my income and a full 100% of my headaches. Without careful consideration we can end up spending most of our time working too hard and too much on the wrong things.
Rather than wasting large amounts of time on things that yield little, we should make the smallest possible moves for the greatest amount of positive change. Really, this is just an amalgamation of two Holmgren Permaculture Principles “Use small slow solutions” and “Obtain a Yield.” Please allow me to share with you an example that clear demonstrates the 80-20 rule application in a Permaculture design scenario.

The per capita electricity usage in Canada is 43 Kwatt-hours/day or 43000 watt-hours/day (4th in the world 2007). The per capita consumption in Uganda is 186 watt-hours/ day1. A Canadian uses approximately 231 times more electricity than a Ugandan.
Obviously we Canadians consume far more electricity than Ugandans, but how does this relate to the basics? Most people in Canada have access to: clean food, clean water, clean air and safe shelter. Because these basics are relatively easy to come-by, Canadians enjoy a certain amount of leisure, recreation and opportunity for creative self-fulfillment. This is not the case in Uganda. Is 43Kwatt-hours/day a requirement to enjoy security the basics of a high quality life?
Consider the question from this angle. If electricity were to become infinitely expensive what are the last things that you would give up? I am willing to bet that lighting and an internet connected computer or smart phone are at the top of your list. Think about it for a minute. What do you really need and what could you live without? For my home: hairdryers, kettles, and curling irons would be the first to go (check out the wattage on these items); air conditioners then fans; electric cooking devices and heaters; refrigerators fourth; and pumps for moving water fifth. Electric cooking can be replaced by gas, liquid or solid fuels; refrigeration with cold rooms, root cellars and ice boxes; windmills and hand pumps could be used to move water from wells and rainwater tanks. Information technology and lighting require a fraction of total household electricity consumption. Their net benefit is immeasurable. I challenge you to share a gardening technique with someone in Australia using a candle and Morse Code. The value of lightning speed global communication is to high, and likely impossible to replace without electricity. If we have lights we can read when the sun goes down, reserving day light hours for critical production activities.
In May of 2011 I taught a Permaculture design certificate, for Global Peace Hut, in Uganda. During that course we had an afternoon workshop on solar photo voltaic (PV) systems led by, USA expatriate, Peter Scott. This workshop was an eye opener for me. Peter showed us tiny scale solar systems that would supply the direct current (DC) watt/hr demands of a modest house wired with LED lights2 3 and laptop computing technology. These systems consisted of a single solar panel, a single small battery, and a charge controller for the battery. In some cases these systems came in under $1000 US. For a relatively minor investment a family can be working and reading after the sun goes down and be able to connect with the larger information network. With more time available for study and education, such small scale technology can have far reaching and lasting benefits locally and globally.
These small scale systems have been developed by the boating and sailing community, where small lean technologies for critical infrastructure are essential. I see no reason why this approach to on demand electricity cannot be applied to households here in Canada. Just because we have relatively abundant electricity does not mean we should waste it.
If I have learned one thing in my young Permaculture career, its not how much you have, but how you use it. The secret to success is identifying the key factors and focusing effort in those areas. This is especially true when working with a limited resource base. I was astounded by the workshop in Uganda, but it wasn’t until a month later when reading about the 80-20 rule in Ferriss’s Book that it really sunk in. I have always advocated that the priorities on the ground are clean food, clean water and safe shelter. If we can also provided affordable reliable lighting and information technology we should. As it is with books, not all solar systems are created equal and bigger does not always mean better. We might not always get a perfect fit, but with a solid set of design directives and guidelines we can achieve a high return on minimal investment. The 80-20 rule is fast becoming one of my go to principles when faced with new design challenges.
1 http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/ene_ele_con_percap-energy-electricity-consumption-per-capita
2 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LED_lamp
3 http://www.nemalux.com/